Gas-fractionation installation

G. u. enters into the composition of natural gasoline, gazopererabat'shayushchikh, neftekhimich. and chem. plants. Power g. u. reaches 750 thousand. t of raw material per year. For the processing on g. u. it enters raw material - gasoline washed out from hydrocarbon gases, obtained from the natural and petroleum refinery gases, products of the stabilization of oils, gases of pyrolysis and cracking. In the composition of raw material the hydrocarbons, which contain from 1 to 8 atoms of carbon in the molecule, enter in essence. The separation of the mixtures of hydrocarbons is accomplished by a rectification in the column apparatuses.

The circuit of separation of the gasoline washed out from hydrocarbon gases in g. u. includes it will tell before hand, heating in the heat exchanger of the gasoline washed out from hydrocarbon gases and its supply into the propionic column (Fig.). From the upper part of the column are removed the vapors of propane, which are condensed in the condenser and enter the capacity of irrigation. The part of propane returns to the top of column as irrigation, and surplus is removed in the form of finished product. Liquid from the bottom of column after preheating enters for further separation according to the same diagram into the following column, where from it the mixture of butanes is separated in the form of upper product, and gasoline is removed from the lower part. Analogously is produced the separation of butanes into isobutane and normal butane, and gasoline- on isopentane, normal pentane, hexanes and so forth the exemplary content of clean substance (in %) in the commodity product of the same designation with processing of the gasoline washed out from hydrocarbon gases: propane 96; isobutane 95; normal butane 96; isopentane 95; stable gasoline 74. The improvement of tech. diagram g. u. is directed toward reduction in energetich. and capital expenditures, the automation of monitoring and control of process via the installation of khromatografich. of the analyzers of the quality of products on the flows and the electronic computers.

Diagram of gas-fractionation installation: 1 propionic column; 2- stabilizer column; 3 isobutanecolumn; 4 condensers; 5 heaters of the bottom of column; 6 heat exchangers; 7 refrigerators.

Lit.: Processing and the use of gas, M., 1962; Black i. r., the preparation of raw material for petroleum chemistry, M., 1966.

A. l. khalif.