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Gases of petroleum refining
Gases are petroleum backwards
Gases the natural fuels
Gas-rescue matter

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Gases of petroleum refining

the mixtures of gases, which consist in essence of the low-molecular hydrocarbons, which are formed on the thermal cracking units and with termich. and the catalytic processes of processing petroleum raw material. In contrast to gasOV of natural fuels and gases of petroleum following, the majority g. n. contain it means, quantities of unsaturated hydrocarbons and hydrogen. The exception compose the gases, which separate with the direct distillation of oil, and also gases of katalitich. reforming and hydroforming, which consist of paraffin hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, propane, etc.) and a small quantity of admixtures (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.). A large quantity of unsaturated hydrocarbons find in the gases, which are formed with conducting of high-temperature processes (for example, the general content of unsaturated hydrocarbons in g. n. with severe conditions of coking reaches to 50% throughout the mass, katalitich. the cracking of heavy raw material - to 56% throughout the mass).

Output g. n. on the installations of cracking, pyrolysis, etc. composes (to the processed oil) 8,5-9,5%, in Vol. h. to 2,5% of unsaturated hydrocarbons. The content of hydrogen in g. n. kolebletsya from 0,2% in the gases of therm. cracking to 7% in the gases of reforming. Forming part g. n. unsaturated hydrocarbons (ethylene, propylene, butylene, butadiene, etc.) are raw material for neftekhimich. industries and for obtaining the high-octane components of motor fuels. G. n. possess high heat of combustion 52,3 MJ/m³ (to 12 500 kkAL/m³) and are used as the fuel.

Lit.: Tarasov a. i., gases of petroleum refining and the methods of their analysis, M., 1960; Bases of the technology of petrochemical synthesis, edited by A. i. dintses and L. A. potolov-skogo, M., 1960; Smidovich E. V., the destructive refining of petroleum and gas, M., 1966 (technology of refining petroleum and gas, h. 2). In. V. Panov.