State the credit operation, carry ouied by the tsarist
government of Russia in connection with peasant
reform 1861. V. Is. was achieved according to
"position about the ransom". Landowner was obligated to grant
only estate to peasants to the ransom, whereas field he put on he
bathed by peasants either by the voluntary agreement with the
landowner or on his one-sided requirement. Essence v. Is.
consisted in the fact that the peasants obtained from the state the
redemption loan, paid out once only to landowner, which they had to
extinguish for 49 years on 6% yearly. The dimensions of loan
composed 75-80% from 6% of capitalized quitrent. Thus, peasants
bathed not only the earth, but also personal freedom. On leaving
to the ransom by the agreement with the landowners the peasants
obligated were to introduce with it it will supplement, payments
(usually 20-25% of redemption loan). For the form. landowner's
peasants redemption payments became heaviest form of direct taxes.
In 1863 the "position about the ransom" was disseminated to the
specific peasants, into 1864 and later - to the landowner's peasants
of the Caucasus and Transcaucasia. The tense situation, which
was established in the village, an increase in the nonconformity of
redemption payments to the profitableness of the allotment earth
(increase in arrears) forced government in KON. 1881 to go to
some reduction in the redemption payments. The law of 28
sounding boards was simultaneously published. 1881 about the
transfer from 1 yanv. 1883 all form. landowner's peasants to the
required ransom. In the Caucasus and into this Transcaucasia it
was made only into 1912-13. The cost of the earth on the ransom
considerably exceeded its price, respectively: in the the
chernozem of lips -342 mln. rub and of 284 mln. rub; in the the
non-chernozem of lips -342 mln. rub and 180 mln. rub. Under the
effect of revolutionary events 1905 tsarist government was forced to
abolish redemption payments from 1 yanv. 1907. With 1861
on 1906 government it exacted from the form. landowner's peasants SV.
1,6 billion rub obtained as a result v. Is. income ok. 700
mln. rub. Lit.: Lositskiy a.,
redemption operation. SPB, 1906; Zayonchkovskiy P.
A., the cancellation of serfdom in Russia, 3 publ., M., 1968. II. A. zayonchkovskiy.
