Extinction

Only Darwinism explains to v. in accordance with the facts of the history of organic peace. H. Darwin showed that v. of organic forms is caused by changes in the environmental conditions, moreover the great value have changes not only in the abiotic factors of environment (relating to neorganich. to peace), but also biotic factors (interspecies relations). A rapid change in the medium can be neposredstv. by reason v. specific, that occupy the limited territory or water area. However, forms and the groups of forms, which have the extensive propagation (for example, that live simultaneously in all oceans or on the majority of the continents of the terrestial globe), do not die out everywhere. Final v. of some it is specific frequently it is involved, since they can remain in the limited sections because of the local favorable conditions (usually - biotic). With this existence of the relict forms (see relicts ) is connected. V. o. Kowalevski developed and was deepened Darwinian concept v. on the basis of the facts of paleonthology, after showing that one of the most important conditions v. - inadaptivnaya evolution (see Inadaptatsiya).

In connection with the swift tech. progress and a steady increase in population one of most important biotich. of factors, which cause directly or indirectly v. mn. it is specific, becomes human activity.

Lit.: Darwin h., works, Vol. 3, M. - l., 1939; D and in t and w in both l and l. sh., the history of evolutionary paleonthology from Darwin to our days, M. - l., 1948; it. Reasons for the extinction of organisms, M., 1969: But X e of 1 g about d D I, Quaternary extinctions of large mammals. Berk. - Los Ang., 1967. L. K. gabuniya.