(Anoplura, or Siphunculata), the force of the
blood-sucking insects; the parasites of man and mammals.
Body sealed, dl. 1-5 mm, head and breast small, the abdomen relatively large, wings
be absent. In some are specific v. there are 2 stemmas;
mn. forms v. are blind. Legs of 3 pairs, strong and
tenacious. Oral apparatus kolhë- sucking. Oral opening
surrounded by the soft, reversed outside tube with the corona it is
hook how is ensured strengthening v. on the skin with the sucking.
Saliva with the prick is introduced into the wound, causing the
irritation of the skin, which is accompanied by itch. Eggs v.
(nit) adhere on hair or threads of clothing by the special by gluing
mass, isolated by female. The larvas, that differ from adult v.
in terms of small sizes, hatch from the eggs. Entire life cycle
v. flows on the owner. Ok. 200 it is specific. On
the man parasitize human v. ploshchitsa, or pubic V. chelovecheskaya
v. (Pediculus humanus) is known in 2 forms. Head v. (P h
capitis) has dark pigment spots along the sides of body and relatively
deep lateral cuts between the segments of the abdomen; dl. to 4 mm. It lives by preim. in
the hair on the head. Wardrobe v. (P h vestimenti) is larger -
to 4,75 mm (males smaller).
It is held usually in the folds of linen and dress. Nits
are stuck on the fibers of material or on the hair. Human v.
sucks the blood of 2-3 times in a 24 hour period. Head v. gives
to 140 nits after life, wardrobe - to 300. Embryonic development
with 36- e"°S - 4-8 days, with è°S - 16 days; the larvas do not
hatch at a temperature lower than 22°S and higher than ya0°S.
Conditions for the development of lousiness - antigigiyenich. of
living condition. Besides neposredstv. of action on the man, v.
can serve spetsifich. as the carriers of a number of infekts. of
diseases (typhus, recurrent typhus, Volyn fever, etc.).
Lice (from left to right): head (male and female);
wardrobe (male); vnizu-ploshchitsa (female).
Stitch the nits of human: A- wardrobe louse;
b- head louse. Ploshchitsa (Phthirus pubis) has the short wide strongly
sealed body of dl. to 1,5 mm. It
lives by preim. in the hair of pubes, it is thinner than
armpits, in the beard, on the eyelashes. Tightly it sucks to the
body, causing itch. Female puts aside for the life to 50 eggs.
Embryonic development of ploshchitsy with e'°S - 5-8 days.
Infection by ploshchitsami occurs with neposredstv. the contact,
most frequently sexual.
On the mammals parasitize mn. the forms v.;
different animals have their forms v. on the pigs it lives pig
v. (Haematopinus suis), on the horses and the donkeys - n. asini, to
the crit. horn cattle - n. eurysternus and other, on the dogs -
Linognathus setosus, on the mouse-like rodents - forms of kind
Hoplopleura and so forth. V. of animals - strictly specific
parasites and to the man do not pass. On the fight with v. cm. Disinfection, extermination of insects.
Lit.: Pavlovsky e. n., Rukovodstvo on
parasitology of man, 5 publ., Vol. 2, of M. - l., of 1948;
Textbook of medical entomology, edited by V. n. Beklemiwev, h.
1 - 2, M., 1949. Ye. n. Pavlovsky.
