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Volcanology
Volcanoes
Vullenvever
Woolley
Vullongong
Vulf
Vulf
Vul'vit
Vulgarization
Vulgarisms
Vulgar latin
Vulgar economics
Vulgar materialism
Vulgar sociology
Vul'kano
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf the grid
Wulfenite
Vul'chi
Vul'fila
Woomera is the range
Child prodigy
Wundt
Vunsoket
Vuoksa
Wuolijoki (wuolijoki
Vupper
Vuppertal'
Gattermann- koch the reaction

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Volcanology

(from volcanoes i.. logi4), one of the divisions of dynamic geology. Are studied processes and reasons for the formation of volcanoes, their development, structure and the composition of the products of eruptions (lava, gases, etc.), laws governing the arrangement of volcanoes on the earth's surface, change of the nature of their activity in the time. Practical purpose v. is the development of the methods of the prediction of eruptions and use of vulkanich. of the heat of hot waters and pair for the needs of national economy. V. for solving teoretich. and practical tasks are used data of geology, geotectonics, geophysics, geochemistry, physical chemistry and petrology. In the complex of these knowledge v. it participates in resolution of general theoretical questions of geol. of the sciences: on the sources of vulkanich. energy, the conditions of the evolution of magma, the arrangement of magmatich. of deep and intermediate centers, role of volcanism in the formation of the earth's crust and so forth, etc.

First reducings about v. relate to the middle of the 1st of thousand to n. 3. (Heraclitus - 6 v. and Aristotle - 4 v., Greece; Strabon - 1 substances. and Pliniy low-order - 1 v., Rome). Strabon described the volcanic eruption Of kaymeni (Santorin), which occurred into 196 to n. 3., and Pliniy low-order - katastrofich. the eruption of Vesuvius into 79, the eyewitness of which it was. In 1842 was organized special scientific establishment - vulkanologich. the observatory, built on the slope of volcano Vesuvius. Its creation was the beginning of the thorough study of vulkanich. of activity. In 1911 was created vulkanologich. the observatory on the volcano Of kilauea on Hawaiian about- VAKh. Then appeared an observatory in Indonesia and a whole series of observatories and stations in Japan.

In THE USSR v. she were developed by scientists F. yu. Levinson- Lessing, A. n. Zavaritskiy, V. i. vlodavtsem. The vulkanologicheskyy establishments were created into 1935 first of all in Kamchatka. The laboratory of volcanology at the end 1962 existed from 1945 in Moscow is preobrazovana into the institute of volcanology (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatka). Besides the mentioned establishments, vulkanologich. studies are produced by the laboratory of volcanology of Sakhalin complex science and research institute, and also geol. by the institutes of Armenia, Georgia and other study of Sov. vulkanologov occupy visible place in the work of the international association of vulkanologov.

Observations and studies in the region v. are printed in special izd. AS USSR: "the bulletin Of the vulkanologicheskeye station. AS USSR "(with 1937) and" the transactions of the institute of volcanology "(from 1940). From the special internat. publ. it were printed from 1914 through 1938 zhurn. "Zeitschrift fur Vulkanologics- with the applications to it; from 1924 izdayetsya "Bulletin Volcanologique" - the organ of the internat. association of volcanology; from 1932 - "Bulletin of the Volcanological Society of Japan".

Lit.: Zavaritskiy a. n., the beginning of Russian volcanology, in the book: Anniversary collector, dedicated to the thirtieth anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, h. 2, M. - L., 1947; MenyaylovA. But, volcanology, in the sb: Development of the earth sciences in THE USSR, M, 1967; M and with d about n a I d G. But, Volcanology, "Science", 1961, v. 133, № 3454, p. 673 - 79; Vlodavets V I, Achievements of modern geological volcanology and ist trends, "Earth - Science Reviews", 1966, v. 2, № 3, p. 181-97. V. i. vlodavets.