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Wundt

(Wundt) Wilhelm (16.8.1832, To nekkarau, Baden, -31.8.1920, Grosboten, near Leipzig), German psychologist, physiologist, philosopher linguist. Prof. of physiology in Heidelberg (1864-74), Prof. of philosophy in Leipzig (from 1875). Member mn. of foreign academies and scientific societies. In its first works the plan of the development of physiol. psychology as the special science, which uses a method of laboratory experiment for the breakdown of consciousness to the elements and explanations of the regular connection between them, advanced. The object of psychology v. considered neposredstv. experience accessible to introspection phenomena or the facts of consciousness; however, highest of psikhich. processes (speech, thinking, will), on v., are inaccessible to experiment, and he proposed to study them in a cultured way- it was true, by the method. V.stoyal on the point of view of psychophysical parallelism, assuming that the phenomena of consciousness are not separated from the nervous processes, but is not causally with them connected. In the region of consciousness, on v., acts special psikhich. the causality, and behavior is determined by apperception. Introspektsionistskaya psikhologich. concept v. already in the beginning. 20 v. revealed its limitedness and was preodolena the subsequent development of psychology.

Main merit v. - introduction into psychology of experimental method, which played the decisive role in its transformation in tyuey samostoyat, science. Created with it into 1879 first in the world psikhologich. laboratory (preobrazovannaya later into the institute) became the internat. center, where the entire generation of the first psychologists, was formed. In the laboratory were studied the sensations, the time of reaction, association, attention, simplest feelings. In 10- languid "psychology of peoples" (1900-20) v. undertook an attempt at psikhologich. of interpretation in a cultured way- it was true, phenomena (myth, religion, art, etc.).

In the philosophy v. came out as the representative of idealism and voluntarism (see V. i. Lenin, poly coll. works, 5 publ., Vol. 18, s. 58). Peace for it is an expedient development of spirit - deities, world will. In "Logika" (Vol. 1-3, 1880-83) v. not only it analyzes the forms of thinking, but it attempts to present the methods of different sciences, basis of math. logic, etc. In lingvistich. the studies v. are determined by osn of yazykovedch. of category preim. to the individual it is Alni -psixologic. of the point of view, although is recognized itself the primacy of social beginning in the language above the individual. Language for v. - one of the forms of the manifestation of "collective voli"ili "of people spirit". This understanding of language as dynamic process, isolation of lingual activity, but not lingual system as the main object of linguistics draw together v. with X Steinthal and his school, composing the at the same time main point of the divergence v. with mladogrammatikami. Portrait p. 509.

Works: Descriptions of psychology, [ M., 1912 ]; Bases of physiological psychology, Vol. 1-2, OF SPB, 1880-81; Lectures about the soul of man and animals, SPB, 1894; System of philosophy, SPB, 1902; Introduction into psychology, M., 1912; Natural science and psychology, [ SPB, 1914 ]; World catastrophe and German philosophy, SPB, 1922.

Lit.: Koenig 3., V. Wundt, his philosophy and psychology, SPB, 1902; Yaroshevskiy M. g., the history of psychology, M., 1966, chapter 10; F r e s P., Piaget Zh [ of sost. ], experimental psychology. Sb. st, in. 1, M, 1966, main. 1; N e u s s n e g A, Einfuhrung in wilhelm Wundts Philosophic und Psychologic, Gott., 1920.

M. g. yaroshevskiy.

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