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Howitzer is the gun
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Howitzer

(Ger. Haubitze, from the the Czech houfnice, initially - instrument for the throwing of stones), the type of the artillery instrument, intended for the high angle fire at the protected targets. G. enter into the composition of troop (in the foreign armies of field) artillery, they have a caliber from 100 mm and are above, relatively short stem (15-30 calibers), variable charge, sufficiently high rate of fire - from 0,5 -1 to 6 shots into min (depending on caliber), firing distance to 17 km. Majorities of contemporary. G. self-propelled, old systems have mech. thrust.

First g. appeared in Europe in 15 v. (Italy, Germany) and were intended for the shooting rock case shot. In 2-1 floors. 16 v. g. began to use for the shooting explosive shells. In Russia first g. they were created in sulfurs. 16 v. they are NAZ by gakovnitsami, by gaufnitsami, by gafunitsami. In the 60's. 18 v. in Russia were accepted to the armament elongated g., received title of unicorns. With the passage in the 60's. 19 v. from the smooth-walled instruments to threaded g. began to make with threaded. In the wars 2-1 floors. 19 v. with an increase in the field work the need for g. grew. Wide application in all armies they obtained into the 1st and 2- yu world wars. During the great of the fatherlands, war 1941-45 the high qualities showed owls. 122 -, 152 -, 203- mm of the howitzer (see also instrument artillery).

Lit.: Cyrils -Gubeqko1 i. M., contemporary artillery, 3 publ., M., 1933; History of domestic artillery, Vol. 1, kn. 1 - 3, Vol. 2, kn. 4, Vol. 3, kn. 7-8, M. - L., 1959 - 66.

In. K. Trusov.