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Образование - счетчик, рейтинг, каталог - FLEXER

Hauptmann

(Hauptmann) Gerkhart (15. 11.1862, Oberzal'tsbrunn, -6.6.1946, Agnetendorf), German Writer. Son of tavern keeper. It learned in the artistic, the school and the Jena university. Came out in the literature in of the 80th yr. reputation g. it brought drama before sunrise (1889, Russ. per. 1901), in which is depicted the disintegration of burzh. of family. Soon g. became chapter it. naturaligla. In the dramas "carter Of genshel'" (1898), the "rose Of bernd" (1903), "rats" (1911) were contained the criticism of the dispositions of Imperial Germany, sympathy to those deprived. However, in the creation g. were shown the limitedness of naturalism - absolutization of biological laws, the passiveness of heroes. Theme of drama "weavers" (1892) - uprising Silesian weavers 1844. This drama, innovative by the theme and the style, working mass shows as the collective hero. Play enjoyed great success in Russia and other countries. Comedy "beaver sheath" (1893) - the satirical exposure of vil'gel'movskoy Germany. Together with the everyday plays g. it wrote written in verse dramas, the fairy tale, noted by the influence of symbolism ("the sunk bell", 1896: " Poor Heinrich ", 1902). Play to the historical subject "florian Geijer" (1896) sketches the risen peasants 16 V.

In the spirit of irrationalism are written drama "winter ballad" (1917), "white rescuer" (1920), "indipodi" (1920); the novels "foolish Emanuel' of quints" (1910), the "island of great mother" (1924). Prose g., after exception of the novel "heretic from Soany" (1918, Russ. per. 1920), that contains the exposure of bigoted morals, be inferior on the artistic, the force of its dramaturgy. In the late creation g. is separated the drama "before the sunset" (1932), in which sound social- crit. motives. In the period of the supremacy of fascism in Germany g. it went away from the contemporary theme. Wrote the auto-biograph. novel "adventure of my youth" (1937), dramatich. tetralogy to the subject of Greek legend about "atridakh" (1941-44). Poem great sleep testified about the hostility g. to Nazism. After the wreck of Hitler regime g. it was selected by the honorable chairman of the organization of demokratich. of intelligentsia Of "kul'turbund". Nobelso on. (1912).

Works: Gesammelte Werke, Bd 1 - 6, v., 1906; Gesammelte Werke, Bd 1 - 17, v., 1943; Ausgewjjhlte Dramen, Bd 1 - 4, v., 1956; Ausgewahlte Werke, Bd 1-8, v., 1962; vrus. per. - Poly coll. works, Vol. 1 - 14. M., 19iO - 1912; Selected drama, M. - l., 1930; Plays, Vol. 1 - 2, M., 1959.

Lit.: Lunacharskiy A. V., coll. works, T. of ya,M., 1964, s. 346-48, 376; its zh e, before rise and sunset, there, Vol. 6, M., 1965; Mering f., literary critical articles, Vol. 2, M. - l., 1934; Sil'man T., G. Hauptmann, L. - M., 1958; History of German literature, Vol. 4, of M., 1968; Likhachev b. p. [ of sost. ], Gerkhart Hauptmann. Biobibliografiya, indicator, M., 1956; Guthke K. S, G Hauptmann. Weltbild the them Werk, Gott.. 1961; Heuser F W, G Hauptmann. Tubingen, 1961; Lukacs G, Deutsche Literatur the them Zeitalter des Imperialismus, 6 aufl., v., 1950; G Hauptmann -.ein Meister realistischer Menschengestaltung, of v., 1962; J R Becher Iiber Literatur Und Kunst, v., 1962, S. 861-62.

And. A. Bernstein.